CHAPTER XVIII. By S. L. Jepson, M. D. THE HEALING ART IN THE PAN-HANDLE - EARLY METHODS OF PRACTICE - EARLY PHYSICIANS - SKETCHES OF MEDICAL MEN - EPIDEMICS - MEDICAL AND CHARITABLE ORGANIZATIONS - MEDICAL JOURNAL. EARLY PHYSICIANS of this region practiced under difficulties common to medical pioneers in every new country. We who now enjoy the luxuries of steam and electric cars, macadamized roads, finely paved streets, gas and electric lights, telephones, fine pharmaceutical preparations and the many other aids to easy practice, might well pause to reflect on our improved estate, and give due honor to our predecessors, who, under many adverse circumstances, fought a good fight and did honor to a noble calling. It is worthy of note that many physicians, though engaged in a busy practice, have manifested much interest in public affairs, and been called to public positions of usefulness. Drs. McLane and Beaumont, of Hancock county, Doddridge and Drummond, of Brooke county, and Dorsey and McGinnis, of Ohio county, were preachers of theology as well as practitioners of medicine. Drs. Smith and Campbell, of Brooke; Logan and Hullihen, Jr., of Ohio, and Stidger, of Marshall served their people in the legislature of Virginia and West Virginia. Dr. Hildreth, of Ohio, was a director of the insane asylum, and also of the penitentiary; Dr. D. G. Baird, of the asylum for the deaf, dumb and blind; and Drs. Logan and Stifel, of the state university. Drs. Tanner and G. Baird, each served as mayor of Wheeling. Drs. Bates and Hildreth were two of the first three school commissioners Wheeling ever had under the free school system; and the following have since served in the city board of education, viz.: Drs. Todd, Logan, George Baird, Hupp, Pipes, Jepson, J. B. Reed, McCoy and Dickey. The present board at its organization contained five physicians, the last named. It is interesting to note, by way of contrast, that not a single attorney is now, or has been for years, a member of the board. These physicians have been members of the city council: Drs. Todd, George, Baird, Logan, Hazlett, Reeves, Jepson, McCoy, Ulrich and Campbell. In every sanitary movement, physicians are in the lead, unselfishly laboring for the prevention of disease. So has it ever been, and under their direction great progress has been made in sanitary science, no less than in methods of practice. Of the latter, as carried on in the Pan-handle fifty or more years ago, Dr. Hall, of Moundsville, thus writes: " If a person was severely injured he was bled at once by opening a vein in the arm; and if much bruised he was capped. The latter was the usual remedy for neuralgia or rheumatic pain. Calomel was the sheet anchor. In the way of medicine, all other remedies were considered subordinate to this, and its use was usually pushed to salivation. It was almost the general rule to bleed all multiparae three months prior to the end of gestation. In pneumonia, as soon as the diagnosis was made, the patient was bled to the point of syncope, and if the malady was still unsubdued he was put upon tartar emetic in as large doses as he could possibly bear, and excellent results were claimed for this method of treatment." All the practice was done on horseback and on foot. No vehicles for doctors were in use in those days. Bridle paths were the roads. The practice of medicine was fraught with great danger to the life of the doctor, to say nothing of the risks to health from hardships and exposures. It is pleasant to note the wonderful progress that fifty years have brought, not only in improved modes of travel for the doctor, but in improved methods of practice. The lancet is now practically an unknown instrument. Venesection is a lost art. Calomel and tartar emetic play but a minor part in the medical drama of 1890. The crude drug has given way to the active principle; and finely coated pills, capsules and elixirs have driven the nauseous powders and potions, the barks, roots and herbs of the fathers out of the market. And what instrumental aids we have to-day for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes! What physician could afford to practice without a stethoscope, speculum, clinical thermometer, hypodermic syringe, laryngoscope? And many find use also for the microscope, ophthalmoscope, sphygneograph and other instruments of modern invention. All honor to those who have made their impress upon the generation preceding us, and proved themselves benefactors, without such aids in practice! We shall here briefly sketch the lives of some of these men and their successors. (We are indebted, for much that follows, to letters kindly written by Drs. P. C. McLane, B. F. Harden and R. W. Hall, and to papers and necrological reports in the State Medical Society's Transactions, written by Drs. Hildreth (deceased), Frissell, Hazlett, Cooper, Dickey and Brock.) PHYSICIANS OF HANCOCK COUNTY. - S. F. Marquis. - So far as we are able to learn, Dr. Marquis was the first physician who located in the town of New Cumberland. He studied medicine in Cross Creek village, Penn. The exact date of his coming to Hancock county, we have not succeeded in ascertaining. He was quite successful as a practitioner. Notwithstanding this, he abandoned the field in 1852, joining the great exodus to California, where he died a few years later. He was succeeded in practice in this county by Dr. David Baguley. William Beaumont studied medicine with Dr. George McCook, at New Lisbon, Ohio, and settled in New Cumberland shortly after the town was laid out. He practiced eclecticism and hydropathy, and opened a water-cure establishment, which is said to have been for a time quite successful. He also preached in the Disciples church. Samuel Grafton, a native of the county, practiced medicine here for several, years, about the year 1830 and later. He subsequently removed to Wellsburg, and afterward practiced in Ohio and Kentucky. William Shanley, a native of Ireland, was born in Dublin in the year 1809. He commenced reading medicine at the early age of sixteen, studying two years in "Erin's Isle." Being full of Irish patriotism, he was disgusted with his people doing homage to a foreign king. In that city on one occasion, when the whole metropolis was illuminated in honor of King William the Fourth, he could no longer restrain expressing his sentiments. While looking on at the performance, he said to some one near him: "How foolish the Irish people are to lavish their money on a foreign king." The soldiers overheard his remark, and by them it was considered treason. One started after him with sword drawn. Recognizing the dangerous situation he was in, he ran with full speed to the Castle, closely pursued by the dragoon. As he reached the spot, he turned suddenly in an entry just as the fellow struck for his head, the sword barely missing him, and was broken by striking the corner of one of the massive stone walls, and thus our subject escaped unhurt. He kept concealed for several days and then started for America, landing in New York harbor on the 28th day of May, 1828. He engaged in paper making in Springfield, N. J., where he remained four or five years. On the 28th of January, 1834, he was married to Miss Phoebe H. Clark. In the fall of 1835 he migrated West, where he devoted the most of his spare moments to the reading of medicine. Moving to Steubenville, he worked a short time in the paper mill of Oldship & Hanna, and then resumed the study of medicine under the direction of Dr. Mayers. Afterward removing to Wellsburg, he went in as a silent partner and rented a paper mill, and carried on the manufacture of paper for about three years, still devoting some attention to medicine. In I839 he attended a term at a medical college. He then removed to Fairview to practice medicine in 1840, remaining there about seven years. Along in 1844 he engaged in the fire brick business in connection with his profession. In 1847 he settled in New Cumberland, where he continued to practice medicine until failing health, from a fall received while on duty, compelled him to retire. He died in 1889. John McLane's parents were Scotch- Irish seceders. They came to America about the beginning of the Revolutionary war. After residing in the east for some time, they came to western Pennsylvania. Dr. McLane was born in Allegheny in 1773. He attended Jefferson academy at Canonsburg, Penn., graduating from that institution in 1796. He studied theology with Rev. Dr. McMillen, at the same time giving some attention to medical study. He became pastor of the Montour Presbyterian church, in 1809. He continued the study of medicine under Dr. Warner, of Canonsburg, and in the war of 1812, entered the service as surgeon, and during the war had charge of a hospital at Plattsburg, N. Y. After his return from the army, he practiced medicine in Hickory, Penn., as a partner of Dr. Lisle, and afterward at Florence, Penn. In 1818 he removed to a farm near Pughtown, afterward called New Manchester, now Fairview, W. Va. He later resided in the village. Here his first wife died in 1819. Three years after, he married Miss Celia Cullen, and in 1825 removed to Wellsville, Ohio, where he resided until his death in 1827. Dr. McLane was a man of more than ordinary ability in the pulpit, and as a surgeon he enjoyed more than a local reputation. His practice extended to the adjoining counties of Pennsylvania and Ohio. John Campbell was for a few years a contemporary of Dr. McLane in Fairview. He subsequently died in Pennsylvania. Dr. Sims succeeded the above-named practitioner, but concerning him we can gather no facts of importance. J. M. Dawson is said to have had an extensive practice about Fairview for twenty years. Giles Thompson also practiced there. The exact date cannot be ascertained. J. M. Todd practiced at Holliday's Cove, from 1850 until 1856, when he removed to Fairview, and did a large practice there. He afterward went to New Lisbon, Ohio, thence into the army, and after the war located in Bridgeport, Ohio. See biography in another place. N. K. McKensie, a graduate of the Medical College of Ohio, after practicing at Fairview for a number of years, removed to Ohio. Dr. Andrews began practice in Fairview about 1855, and continued in practice there until he died, date unknown. Robert Andrews graduated at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery in 1881, practiced at Fairview for some years and then went to East Liverpool, Ohio, where he now resides. W. E. Allison studied medicine with Dr. Todd, at Fairview, and graduated at the Medical College of Ohio, about 1857. He became a member of the State Medical society, in 1867, and was then located in New Cumberland. He was an excellent student and physician, and a quiet modest, Christian man. The date of his death was not ascertained. A. McBeth practiced medicine in Fairview, from about 1850 to 1862. He was a man of limited education and unsteady habits, but is said to have done very considerable practice. BROOKE COUNTY. - Joseph Doddridge, whose book, "Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of Virginia, and Pennsylvania," perpetuates his memory, was a member of both the clerical and medical professions. He was the eldest son of John D., of Maryland, and was born October 14, 1769, in Bedford county, Penn. His father in 1773 moved to Washington county, near the Virginia line. His facilities for obtaining an education were very limited, and to his own energy and perseverance he was mainly indebted for his intellectual culture. After several years at school in Maryland he worked on a farm until eighteen years of age, soon after which, being a member of the Wesleyan Methodist church, and engaged in itinerant work. In 1778 he was received at a conference in Uniontown, as a traveling preacher. After his father's death in 179l, he ceased this work, began to study, and soon entered Jefferson academy, Canonsburg, Penn. After completing his studies, he became a minister in the P. E. church, and did eminent service in establishing new churches throughout western Virginia and eastern Ohio. A few years after his entrance into the ministry he was under the necessity of combining with his clerical profession that of medicine, in order to obtain a support. His own wife said that before her husband began the practice of medicine he was too poor to buy himself a second suit of clothes, and often hid himself while she mended his clothes for the Sabbath. He completed his medical studies in Philadelphia under Dr. Rush, about the year 1800, and located in Wellsburg. Here, and in the surrounding territory, he practiced medicine for a number of years, in connection with the ministry. In 1812 he was made a member of the academy of natural science of Philadelphia. He was also elected an honorary member of the medico-surgical society of east Ohio instituted in 1821. In the practice of medicine Dr. Doddridge was eminently successful and deservedly popular. The fatigue and exposure to which he was subjected in his large and laborious practice in the lapse of years undermined his constitution, and engendered a disease which terminated fatally in November, 1826. In addition to his "Notes," already referred to, Dr. Doddridge published "Logan," a dramatic piece, "A Treatise on the Culture of Bees," "The Russian Spy," a series of letters containing "Strictures on America," and some sermons and orations. C. Campbell was born in county Tyrone, Ireland, October 11, 1797. He attended medical lectures at the University of Glasgow, Scotland, in 1813-14, and at the Royal College of Surgeons in Dublin, in 1814-15. He soon after emigrated to America, and in 1818 he graduated in medicine at Dartmouth college. In the fall of that year he located in Wellsburg and began the practice of medicine. He afterward studied law under the distinguished Philip Doddridge, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1821. Although he did not pursue the practice of medicine for many years, he gave evidence of unusual skill as a surgeon. It is related that he cured a case of fecal fistula, the result of strangulated hernia, by detaching the adherent intestine from the abdominal wall and either removing a section of intestine, or uniting the pared edges of the fistulous opening. Dr. Campbell represented Brooke county in the legislature of Virginia. He afterward removed to Ohio county, living on a farm four miles northeast of Wheeling. He was for years president of the old Northwestern bank, and in many ways a valuable citizen of the county. Early in the war, having been for years an intimate friend of Secretary of War Stanton, he was tendered and accepted a commission as surgeon, although for many years out of medical practice, Secretary Stanton wished his influence to be on the side of the Union. After serving as surgeon of the Twelfth West Virginia infantry for some time, in 1862, his health failed from exposure, and he resigned; but was soon after commissioned as assistant judge advocate, which position he held until the close of the war. Dr. Campbell was first married to a daughter of Bishop Campbell, who dying, he some years later married a daughter of the late Samuel Sprigg. He died several years ago, leaving a widow and several children to mourn his loss. Edward Smith was born January 17, 1796, on the Smith farm about four miles from Wellsburg, W.Va:. His early life was spent on the farm. - He commenced attending the academy in Wellsburg when sixteen years of age. He afterward studied medicine under Dr. Joseph Doddridge, of Wellsburg, and graduated at a medical college in Baltimore in 1819. He married Catherine James in December, 1820. He commenced the practice of medicine in 1819, and continued in active practice until his death, which occurred in March, 1874. Part of his life he was located in Wellsburg, and later in West Liberty. His field of practice embraced Brooke, Hancock and Ohio counties, in West Virginia, parts of Washington county, Penn., and Jefferson county, Ohio. He represented Brooke county in the Virginia legislature as member of the house of delegates, and also served in the same capacity, in the legislature of West Virginia in 1867. He died at West Liberty. Robert Richardson was born at Pittsburgh, Penn., September 27, 1806. His education was carried on principally at his father's house under tutors, but he also attended the schools of the city. When about eighteen years of age he began the study of medicine under Dr. Plummer, finishing his course in Philadelphia. He began a country practice about thirteen miles from Pittsburgh about the year 1828. He was married at the age of twenty-five to Rebecca Encell, of Wheeling, and subsequently lived and practiced medicine in Carthage, Ohio, and in Wellsburg, Va. When in 1841, Bethany college was founded by Alexander Campbell, Dr. Richardson was elected as one of the professors. He filled this position for over twenty years, teaching the various branches of natural science. He also filled the position of vice president and professor of natural science in Kentucky university for four years, being called to that institution in 1858. At the breaking out of the war he removed his family back to "Bethphage," his country home, near Bethany, but continued for one year longer to teach in the Kentucky university, near Bethany; he spent the remainder of his life in writing and in agricultural pursuits. He was a pioneer in scientific farming in this part of the country, and taught his neighbors the value of a small farm well tilled, as compared with larger ones cultivated by old and unscientific methods. He was also an author of note in the Disciples church. He published "Memoirs of A1exander Campbell," in two volumes; "Principles of the Reformation Urged by A. Campbell and Others," in 1853; "Communing's in the Sanctuary," in 1872; "The Office of the Holy Spirit," in 1873. He also contributed numerous articles to different religious journals. For many years he suffered with his eyes, and was compelled to call upon one of his daughters to act as his amanuensis. Dr. Richardson was a most accomplished and scholarly man, and in all respects a model Christian gentleman. No citizen of Brooke county was more sincerely mourned in his death than was this wise and good physician. A. W. Campbell was born in Ireland, April 4, 1804. He was the son of Rev. Thomas C., and brother of the late Alexander Campbell, founder of the Disciples church. Dr. Campbell came to this country in childhood. He began the practice of medicine at Steubenville, O., and removed early in his professional life to West Middletown, Washington Co., Penn., and in 1849 came to Bethany. Here he practiced his profession until a short time before his death. He was also associated with his brother in the editorial work of the 'Millennial Harbinger,' in its days a leading journal of the Disciples denomination. He was a man universally esteemed for the excellencies of his life and character. He discharged all his duties, professional and personal, with scrupulous fidelity an departing this life left behind him left the heritage of a spotless name and reputation to his children. He died in Wheeling, April 2, 1879, at the residence of his son, Hon. A. W. Campbell, of the 'Intelligencer.' Dr. Cook; of whom little can be learned, practiced in and about Wellsburg, prior to 1827, and was one of the very earliest practitioners in Brooke county. W. C. Kirker was born in western Pennsylvania, November 21, 1802. He attended medical lectures in Philadelphia, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1824. He came to Wellsburg about 1834, continuing in practice until a short time prior to his death, which occurred January 26 1883. Albert Wheeler, Samuel Grafton and N. W. White practiced in Wellsburg prior to the civil war, the latter leaving to enter the confederate army. Dr. Drummond, who closed his career as a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, practiced medicine in Wellsburg many years ago. He gave up his practice to enter the ministry, and occupied pulpits in Wheeling, St. Clairsville, Cadiz and other points. He will be much better remembered as a preacher than as a physician. The writer has frequently heard him in the pulpit, and has been entranced by his wonderful eloquence. He often made use of poetical quotations, and so eloquent and ornate was his style of oratory that it was sometimes difficult to tell where the poetical quotation ended. He died in Cadiz about 1885. E. H. Moore, only son of Robert Moore, Esq., was born in Wellsburg, April 4, 1814. After preparatory study in the public and private schools of his native town, he entered Washington college in 1833, but on account of illness, was compelled to give up his studies when within a few months of graduation. He soon after began the study of medicine with the late Dr. J. C. Campbell, and graduated from the Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, in 1840. Returning to Wellsburg, he at once entered upon the practice of his profession, and continued it with singleness of purpose and great assiduity until his death, which occurred after but seven hours' illness, January 17, 1878. Dr. Moore possessed good natural ability, and was a close student, often sitting up for study until a late hour at night. This habit of study, with close observation at the bed side, rendered him a scientific and skillful physician. He was also an intelligent and refined Christian gentleman, and an active member of the Disciples church. He had gathered around him a large and valuable library, not only of medical, but miscellaneous, books. He was an ardent admirer of fine paintings and engravings. The surroundings of his home always testified to the inner life and character of the man. Dr. Moore joined the State Medical society the year of its organization, and was one of its four delegates to the San Francisco meeting of the American Medical association in 1871. He was a member of the Rocky Mountain Medical association, honorary member of the Rush Medical society, and also of the California State Medical society. At the time of his death, Dr. Moore was the recognized head of the medical profession in Brooke county. OHIO COUNTY. - In a paper by the late Dr. E. A. Hildreth from which much what follows concerning the earlier physicians of Wheeling is condensed, we are informed that "during the period from the fall of 1769, the time of the first occupancy of the site of Wheeling by the Zane brothers, until they laid it out in 1793, there is no record or tradition of any physician having practiced here. The early settlers being in a wild, uncultivated country, far removed from one another, upon a frontier exposed to daily attacks from their savage neighbors, surrounded by dangers and privations, created a community of interest and benevolence, exhibited by mutual nursing and attendance in sickness or injury; from experiences of this kind, tradition and history have handed down to this period, the names and practice of a number of men and women noted for their success." Gideon C. Forsythe. - So far as can now be learned, the first physician who permanently located in Wheeling was Gideon C. Forsythe, who came, in 1803, from Chester county, Penn. He was Wheeling's only physician for about three years, when several young men entered his office as students. One of these, Dr. H. Potter, afterward became a partner. Dr. Forsythe continued in practice in Wheeling until after the close of the war of 1812, when he removed to Louisiana, abandoning the profession of medicine. He acquired a reputation for special skill in the treatment of malarial diseases, which he cured by the use of calomel and Peruvian bark, a practice not far removed from that of to-day. Dr. Forsythe, by his pursuit of anatomical studies at home - resurrecting and dissecting the body of a colored woman who formerly belonged to a neighbor, the mutilated remains being afterward found in a box near the river - drew upon his head the indignant denunciation of the former owner of the "subject," one George Knox, who thus sends a communication to the Wheeling Repository, of December 31, 1807: "If the remains of deceased persons are to be disturbed and mangled in this way by the savages of the "doctor shop," it is fair to presume that cases of death will be heard of with satisfaction and desired by them; so that our graves will require a guard to prevent their bodies being taken up. This is published to the world to awaken public indignation against such inhuman and abominable proceedings." H. Potter studied in the office of Dr. Forsythe, and after a temporary absence returned to Wheeling in 1808, and entered upon the practice of medicine. Thomas Toner, another student of Dr. Forsythe, after practicing for a very few years, abandoned medicine and became associated with a relative in editing and publishing the 'Northwestern Virginia Gazette.' James Ralff, who came from Pennsylvania to Wheeling, after completing his studies in the office of Dr. Forsythe, left Wheeling, having been appointed a surgeon of a Virginia regiment which was ordered to Richmond in 1814. Job Wilson was educated at Princeton, N. J., and studied medicine under Dr. Rush of Philadelphia. Began practice in 1812, which was continued until his death in 1829. His place of residence was six miles above Wheeling. He had a great reputation as a surgeon, and was a bold and successful operator, being sent for far and near. Martin Luther Todd was born in New York state, April 29, 1782. After completing his literary studies, he commenced the pursuit of medical knowledge under his brother, Dr. John Todd, and finished his studies about 1808. After an unsatisfactory business venture with his brother in Waynesburg, Penn., Dr. M. L. Todd located in Wheeling in 1814, and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession. He soon acquired an excellent reputation for skill in the treatment of disease, and was honored by having conferred upon him by Col. Moses Shepherd the office of surgeon of the Fourteenth Regiment of state troops, then being raised in the Pan-handle counties of Virginia. His commission he retained until the close of the war. After peace was restored he resumed his medical practice, and in a few years became one of the leading physicians of the town, being quite popular, affable and sociable in his manners, secured to him a large and lucrative practice, which he enjoyed for many years. He married an accomplished and beautiful young lady, daughter of Mr. Andrew Woods, an early settler. One child, a daughter, was born of this union. She afterward became Mrs. Dr. Junkins, of Bellaire. After gaining a competency Dr. Todd retired from practice to a beautiful country residence in Ohio, above Bellaire. After the loss of his wife after fifty years of happy married life, he lived with his son-in-law until his death which occurred in March, 1866, in the eighty-fourth year of his age. Joshua Morton was born in Massachusetts, studied medicine and graduated at Harvard university. He opened an office in Wheeling in 1816, and continued in active practice until his death in the early part of 1839. He died suddenly of peri cardial effusion, being about fifty-six years old. Dr. Morton was a man of few words and sharp, austere manner, rather repulsive to those unacquainted with his better qualities of heart and mind. Notwithstanding this he had a large business and was highly esteemed. Soon after settling in Wheeling, he formed a parnership with Dr. William Scott, which at the end of one year was dissolved, Dr. Scott leaving the place. John Eoff was born in Jefferson county, Va., in 1788. Having practiced medicine in Charleston, Kanawha county, he removed to Wheeling about the year 1817. He had married Miss Helen L. Quarrier, of Richmond, Va., by whom he had four sons and six daughters. His oldest son, John Q. Eoff, studied medicine and practiced several years. Dr. Eoff and family being wealthy, he after nine or ten years retired from practice. He died January 28, 1859, in his seventy-first year. James W. Clemens was born in Washington county, Penn., May 26, 1795. His grandfather emigrated to Loudon county, Va., in 1764, and afterward to Washington county, Penn., then considered a part of Virginia. Dr. Clemens graduated at Washington college, Pennsylvania, in 1816, after which he removed to Wheeling, where he commenced the study of medicine, and at the same time taught school. He began practice in 1819. In 1822 he engaged in the drug business with J. W. Ray, and prospered until 1827, when he lost everything by fire. He graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania in 1824. He was at different times associated in partnership with Drs. Townsen, Frissell, R. H. Cumming and others. Dr. Clemens was ambitious in his profession, a constant student of medical literature and always informed as to the latest improvements and discoveries in the line of his profession. He was an expert chemist, and is said to have introduced several new remedies. He was also quite a mechanic, and manufactured his own splints and other surgical apparatus. Dr. Clemens was a ready writer, fluent, and fine speaker, and delivered many public addresses, among which may be mentioned an address to the students of Franklin college, Ohio; another on laying the corner-stone of the court house in Wheeling, by request of the Masonic fraternity, of which he was a member; another on laying the corner- stone of old Masonic hall, on Market street; another of laying the cornerstone of Odd Fellows' hall; another on the reception of President Harrison, in 1840; another at a dinner given Daniel Webster at the old Virgina Hotel; another on the reception by the citizens of Henry Clay, of Kentucky; another addressed to the citizens of Wheeling, on the effects of excessive alcohol drinking on the coats of the stomach, gastric juices and the brain, illustrated by colored maps taken in dissection from actual victims and subjects; besides many other orations and discourses not here mentioned. He died of peritoneal inflammation on the 21st of November, 1846, in his fifty-second year. James Tanner was born of Irish parents in Baltimore, Md., in 1796. He studied medicine under Dr. Buckler, of that city, and graduated in the Baltimore Medical college about the year 1819, settling in Wheeling about 1820. Soon after he married Miss Deborah Graham, by whom he had a son and daughter. The son died when about fourteen years old, and the daughter is now the accomplished wife of Hon. A. I. Boreman, of Parkersburg, West Virginia, who was the first governor of this state. Dr. Tanner was thoroughly read in medicine, and actively alive to its progress and improvement. He was regarded as a very successful practitioner; passionate, warm-hearted and devoted to his patients and friends; public-spirited; participating largely in the affairs of the city government, being at the time of his death, December 26, 1858, mayor of the city, and then sixty-two years old. Dr. Tanner probably did more hard, laborious practice, rendering the citizens of this city more charitable eleemosynary, and unrequited service in the thirty-eight years of his practice, than any other practitioner, and his death was deeply regretted by our citizens. Jonathan Zane was born in Wheeling, August 25, 1802. He studied medicine under Dr. Rhodes, of Zanesville, Ohio, and began to practice in Wheeling late in 1826. On account of impairment of health he emigrated to Louisiana, where he died in 1836. Archibald Todd was one of a family which contained five physicians. He was born April 10, 1798, and received his early education in New York state. He came west in 1820, and for several years resided with a brother, Dr. S. P. Todd, at West Newton, Penn. Here he began the study of medicine. He taught school one winter and came to Wheeling about 1824, continuing his medical studies with another brother, Dr. M. L. Todd, graduating from Transylvania university, Ky., in 1826. After this he practiced in connection with his brother until the latter's retirement, when he continued to practice alone until about 1868. Dr. Todd married Miss Mary A. E. Woods, February 19, 1828. She died October 24, 1829. He was married a second time, June 25, 1831, to Miss Mary E. Jarrett, by whom six children were born. But two of these, with the mother, survive. One is the wife of Dr. J. C. Hupp. Dr. Todd has been prominently identified with the medical organizations of the state. He was one of the organizers of the City Dispensary and Vaccine institution in 1845; of Ohio County Medical society, in 1847; of the State Medical society, in 1867, and of the Medical society of the city of Wheeling and county of Ohio, in 1868. Of the last named he was once the president. In 1872 he resigned his membership in the State Medical society. Previously he contributed to the society two papers on the Medical Botany of West Virginia, which were printed in the Society's 'Transactions.' As a botanist and mineralogist he had no superior in the state. For almost half a century Dr. Todd was identified with all that concerned the good name and prosperity of the city. He was for many years a member of the board of education, and of the board of examiners for teachers. Also a member of the city council. Successful in business, he became financially interested in the suspension bridge, the gas works, street railway, banking and other enterprises, and was called to assist in their management. He was to the end of life a charming companion, and always took pleasure in the visits of his friends. He was an active and sincere Christian man, and elder in the Second Presbyterian church. Dr. Todd's continued interest in his profession is shown by a remark he made to the writer long after his retirement from practice, that he "hoped some day to provide a permanent meeting place for the City Medical society." This purpose was perhaps frustrated by the carping criticism of the doctor's technical breach of the code of ethics, persistently heralded by one or two members of the society who had more than once given the same code a "compound comminuted fracture." Dr. Todd died May 1, 1883, loved and sincerely mourned by many and respected by all, and his memory wil long be cherished by all who were honored with his friendship. Thomas Townsend was born near Uniontown, Penn., about the year 1877. He was essentially a self-made man, his early opportunities for acquiring an education having been quite limited. we cannot learn that he ever attended medical lectures; nor did he commence the study of his profession until about thirty-five years of age. But he developed a fondness for natural science, applied himself closely in all his studies, being especially fond of botany, in which he became quite an expert. He gathered a complete herbarium of the botany of this region, and having been frequently seen climbing around our hills, and putting his specimens into his hat for preservation, there originated a report of his being of unsound mind; for, said they, we saw him "wandering over the hills, pulling up weeds and putting them into his hat." He subsequently studied the geology and mineralogy of our hills, and collected a very clever cabinet. This latter service, according to the ideas of his old enemies, corroborated their opinion of his insanity, for they saw him "picking up old stones and bringing them home." The literary and scientific culture of the town, as may be imagined, was not at that time of the highest order. While Dr. Townsend was very zealous in his studies, he had a child-like simplicity of manner, and a candor with all whom he met, that made him engaging and attractive. He is said to have treated successfully a number of complicated and difficult cases of bone surgery. He was at one time president, and for a number of years treasurer, of the Ohio County Medical society. Dr. Townsend was a member of the Society of Friends, and in 1828, came from Mt. Pleasant, Ohio, to Wheeling, and began the practice of medicine. The latter years of his practice were not a pecuniary success; and during his last illness, except for the attention of his medical friends, by whom he was much beloved, he might have suffered want. He died of pneumonia on the 29th of March, 1851, being about sixty-four years of age. In 1873, his place of burial in Mt. Wood cemetery being unmarked, at the suggestion of Dr. J. C. Hupp, a subscription was taken among the physicians of the city, and a memorial stone was purchased and erected to his memory. In the period from 1820 to 1828, Drs. Emery, John Thompson, Hunter, Downey and I. H. Irwin, practiced here for short periods. Their histories we are unable to learn. D. B. Dorsey located in Wheeling in 1834. He was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and also practiced medicine. He is said to have been the first physician in the city to use a stethoscope, the one employed by him being simply a cylinder of wood. He went to Steubenville, and of his later history nothing is known. S. P. Hullihen was born in Northumberland county, Penn., in 1810, and died in Wheeling March 27, 1857, of typhoid pneumonia. He was of Irish extraction, and his father a farmer. His early educational advantages were such as were afforded by the district school. At an early age he manifested a love for medicine and surgery, and his vigorous pursuit of these studies was shown by his success in after life. He commenced the practice of dentistry at Canton, Ohio. In 1835 he married and removed to Wheeling. He never practiced general medicine; his great success and usefulness appeared in surgical operations, these being chiefly confined to operations about the face. Patients of all classes, confiding in his skilf and frank character, came in great numbers from the surrounding country, so that the value of his services, as well as the influence of his reputation, were considered the common property of Wheeling. Dr. Hullihen was a man of genius, and gifted in overcoming difficulties by original conceptions. He possessed a discriminating mind, rapid eye and cunning hand, all acting in harmony to produce the best results in practice. These qualities, the marks of a great surgeon, soon impressed the community, and inspired with confidence all who came to him for relief. He had a roughness of manner at times that almost terrified those who failed to read him well and know his warm and generous heart. Dr. Hullihen successfully performed numerous surgical and dental operations of the most delicate character, but those were not such as are known to surgeons as capital operations. In addition to his surgical work, he published many valuable papers on surgical subjects, among them in 1839, "An Essay on Odontalgia "; in 1844, "A Treatise on Hare-lip, and its Treatment "; in 1845, "An Essay on Cleft-Palate, and its Treatment"; in 1846, an essay on "Abscess of the jaws and its Treatment"; in 1849, "Report of a case of Elongation of the Under-jaw, with Distortion of the Face and Neck, caused by a Burn, successfully treated." He was the inventor of many new forms of instruments of great value to the dentist and surgeon. He had, by his success as a surgeon, his kindness to the poor, and his whole-souled generous nature, so endeared himself to the community that his death caused profound sorrow throughout the city. The medical profession, the city council, and the Wheeling Hospital association passed appropriate resolutions, and at a public meeting of citizens held at the court house the following were adopted: RESOLVED, That we have heard with profound sorrow of the death of Dr. Hullihen, and have assembled to express the universal respect of the community for his memory. His decease, in the prime of life, in the midst of an honorable and useful career, and in the full vigor of his rare intellect, has impressed us with a deep sense of the unusual calamity. Eminent in his profession, and exalted in his personal character, he achieved a noble fame, in which gratitude for his benefactions was mingled with admiration for his genius. To us he was endeared by long association, by nobility of nature, and by many generous and estimable qualities. By those who knew him best, he was most beloved. For his loss we feel the peculiar grief of friends added to the general sorrow for the decease of a distinguished citizen. RESOLVED, That we will erect a suitable monument for the deceased in testimony of our respect for his memory, and that a committee be appointed by the chairman to carry this resolution into effect. This monument has long since been erected with the following inscription, it marks his resting place at Mt. Wood cemetery: "Erected by the citizens of Wheeling to the memory of one, who had so lived among them, that they mourned his death as a public calamity." J. H. Kieffer was born in western Pennsylvania. In his early manhood he was a Lutheran preacher, having read somewhat of medicine before emigrating to Wheeling. In 1836, he turned his attention to practice here, chiefly among his German friends. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Dr. Victor L. Auler, which, however, after a few months, was dissolved, Dr. Auler leaving the city. Dr. Kieffer died in 1848. He was highly esteemed among his country-men, being regarded as a positive, rough and ready practioner. E. A. W. Wehrman was born in Hanover, Germany, and educated at the University of Gottingen; emigrated to Wheeling in 1838. He was a great favorite among the German population; devoting his chief attention to the practice of obstetrics. His health rapidly failing, he left the city and settled near Captina, Ohio, in the spring of 1845, hoping to recover his health, but about one year afterward he died of phthisis pulmonalis. Robert H. Cummins was born in Washington, Penn., in February, 1817. He pursued his academic studies at Washington college, but did not complete the full curriculum. He afterward, however, received the degree of A. M. from the college. His preceptor in medicine was Dr. F. J. Lemoyne, and he received the degree of M. D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1841, immediately locating in Wheeling for the practice of his profession, as a partner of Dr J. W. Clemens. After Dr. Clemens's death in 1846, he joined his brother James in partnership. Dr. Cummins's early professional career was beset with trials that would have crushed a weaker man, but these only stimulated him to more determined effort, which placed him in the front rank of the profession. His heart was full of kindness, his keen intellect ever busy gathering new facts, and his energy in the practice of his chosen calling never flagged. He acquired unusual intelligence and skill, being especially well qualified as an obstetrician. His practice was very large, and he was greatly beloved by the many families and patients whom he attended. Many still delight to tell of his kindness in the sick room. This feeling of regard for him was shared by all classes of society, and many will recall the sad scene, on the day of his funeral, as great numbers of humble women stood with streaming eyes around the casket of their dead friend and Physician. Dr. Cummins's literary qualifications were of a high order. He contributed several valuable papers to the 'American Journal of the Medical Sciences.' He was in 1870, president of the Medical Society of the City of Wheeling and County of Ohio, and at the time of his death was president elect of the Medical Society of the State of West Virginia. His presidential address he left in a finished state, and it was read to the society by Dr. Hildreth, and was one of the most forcible addresses ever delivered to the profession. Dr. Cummins married Miss Ann, daughter of the late Samuel Ott, Esq., in February, 1849. Five children survive the parents. Dr. Cummins died of pleuro-pneumonia at his mother's home, near Bellaire, Ohio, on April 12, 1873. When almost 'in extremis,' but with intellect still unclouded, he exhibited the fullness of his unselfish nature, and his devotion to science, by directing that an autopsy be made of his body, and to insure its accomplishment, asked his family to interpose no objection. This done, he calmly and without fear awaited the end, and met it with a philosophy based upon his knowledge of immortality. Samuel W. McElhenny was born in Lewisburg, Greenbrier county, Va., December 25, 1815. He was the son of Rev. John McElhenny; graduated at Athens college, Ohio, in 1834; attended medical lectures at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and obtained his degree in 1838. He began practice at Covington, Allegheny county, Va., which being chiefly a country Practice, the exposure and fatigue proved too great for his failing health. He removed to Canton, Miss., in 1842, hoping in that southern climate to recover his health, but being disappointed in this, he removed to Wheeling in the fall of 1843. Here he married the only daughter of the Hon. Z. Jacob. He continued his practice until his death, April 9, 1853, from phthisis pulmonalis, being in his thirty-eighth year. Dr. McElhenny was secretary of the Ohio County Medical Society at the time of his death. He was a man highly esteemed by all, a Christian gentleman of affable, engaging manners, and professional honor. His medical acquirements were fully up to his time; his feeble health, however, unfitted him for the exposure of active practice. E. A. Hildreth was born in Wheeling, September 13, 1821. His father was Ezekiel Hildreth, a graduate of Harvard, and a man of rare scholarly attainments. His mother was a daughter of Jonathan Zane, one of the founders of Wheeling. Dr. Hildreth was educated at Kenyon college, Ohio, studied medicine with Dr. Townsend in 1840, graduating at the Medical College of Ohio in 1844. Passing a successful competitive examination, he was after graduation appointed resident physician of the Commercial Hospital and Lunatic Asylum of Ohio, in Cincinnati, where he served one year. He soon after this opened an office in Wheeling, where he practiced medicine uninterruptedly until his death, on August 31, 1885. He was very successful, had fine business qualifications, and as a result made profitable investments and left his family in more than comfortable circumstances. Possessed of great energy, methodical habits and a well trained mind, he accomplished a great deal of work, made many valuable contributions to medical literature, besides fulfilling faithfully all the requirements of an exacting profession. Among his contributions may be named: "Ice in Obstetric Practice," in 'Western Lancet,' 1850. (In this he advocated the insertion of ice into the uterus to check post partum hemorrhage.) "Climatology and Epidemic Diseases in West Virginia," in 'Transactions of American Medical Association,' 1868. Two reports on the "Topography, Meteorology, Climatology and Epidemics of Ohio County," in 'Transactions of State Medical Society.' In same, the "Medical History and Biography of the Profession of Wheeling." Dr. Hildreth was a member and in 1875 president of the Medical Society of Wheeling and Ohio counties; an original member and in 1877 president of the State Medical Society; a member of the American Medical Association since 1850; and an honorary member of the California State Medical association. He was one of the board of directors that organized the West Virginia hospital for the insane in 1864; a director of the penitentiary from 1868 to 1872; for thirty years a member of the board of education of Wheeling, and several times its president. From 1873 he was secretary of the United States board of examining surgeons for pensions. In 1851, Dr. Hildreth was married to Susan L. McMechen, who is left to mourn his loss with three sons and two daughters, all of whom, by their upright character, reflect honor upon the departed father. One of these sons is Dr. E. A. Hildreth, Jr., and a resident practitioner who gives promise of being a worthy successor of his father. Dr. Hildreth was in every sense a gentleman. He was unresentful in disposition, quick to forgive and forget an injury, and seldom spoke unkindly of others. This trait recalls what the Roman, Seneca, said of his brother Gallio: "No one is so gentle to anyone as Gallio is to everyone." He was a consistent Christian, and an active member of the Episcopal church, seldom being absent from the Sabbath service, through all of his active life. May the living members of the profession which Dr. Hildreth honored, emulate his pure life and character, remembering that "the noblest workers of the world bequeath nothing so good and great as the image of themselves." E. W. Bingell was born in Germany in 1818, educated at Marburg, and emigrated to America in 1845. After spending one year in Pennsylvania, he located in Wheeling in 1846, and continuously practiced medicine until his death, August 6, 1883. He for many years enjoyed a very large practice exclusively among our German people, who reposed unbounded confidence in his skill. He was a member of state and city medical societies, but seldom attended their meetings. George A. Cracraft was born in Washington county, Penn., April 23, 1815. He graduated in medicine at the Philadelphia Medical college in 1848, commencing practice the same year in Triadelphia. In 1853 he was appointed postmaster of Wheeling by President Pierce, and held that office for nearly five years. He then resumed practice at Triadelphia. During the war for the Union, he was imprisoned for supposed disloyalty, afterward went south and entered the confederate army, being surgeon of the Thirty-sixth battalion and of the Nineteenth regiment Virginia cavalry. After the war he again took up the practice at Triadelphia. He was physician to the county infirmary for a number of years, and in 1881 and '82 was a member of Ohio county board of health. He died April 17, 1888, leaving two sons in medical practice. William A. is still practicing medicine at Elm Grove. Franklin P. Cracraft, born in Wheeling, May 20, 1853, took the degree of M. D. in 1877 at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, and practiced medicine in Triadelphia until his death October 20, 1889. He also rendered medical service at the county infirmary. James Cummins was born in Washington, Penn., in 1827. He graduated at Washington college in 1845, commencing the study of medicine with his brother in 1846. One course of lectures he attended in Cincinnati, but graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1849. He at once joined his brother in partnership, this continuing until the latter's death in 1873. Early in 1877 he associated with himself Dr. R. H. Bullard, a former student. He was married in 1852 to Miss Kate, a daughter of the late John L. Hobbs, Esq. She survived the union but a short time. In 1861 he married Miss Annie, daughter of the late J. H. Williams, Esq. Two children, a son and daughter, still survive. The second wife died in 1873. This sad calamity, with the loss of his brother and partner in practice the same year, was a great shock to Dr. Cummins, and he ever after seemed lost to the pleasures of the world. He often called to the writer to "come in and talk to me," and seemed grateful for companionship and sympathy. Every physician in the city loved "Jim Cummins," as he was familiarly called, for all knew his goodness of heart, his freedom from deceit and from the jealousy so common in the world in which we move. He was, like his brother, an expert obstetrician, and no one hesitated to seek his aid, for all knew that no unfair advantage would be taken in a consultation. Dr. Cummins died of hepatic disease, August 18, 1877. He was a member of the American Medical association of the medical society of the city of Wheeling and county of Ohio, and of the State Medical society. He was at one time also secretary of the board of health of the city. Richard Blum was born in the kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, March 31, 1829. He was educated at Stutgard, and came to America in 1847. He had been a surgeon in full rank in the Prussian army and to any one who knows the severity of the examinations necessary to attain such position, no other proof of his in medical skill is required. Along with many other young men of his time, Dr. Blum was in some way connected with the abortive revolution of 1848, and came to this country as a refugee. He landed at New Orleans. Some two years later, about 1850, he drifted to Wheeling. He was very highly esteemed among the profession for his liberal culture and skill in medicine. He was a good student and was regarded as among the very foremost in professional acquirements. In 1865 he drafted and aided in the passage of the city's health ordinance, and was himself made the city's first health officer. In this position he went vigorously to work to effect sanitary reforms, showing great intelligence and fearlessness in the discharge of his duty. The council failing to adequately sustain him in the measures he proposed, he resigned the office. In 1871 he read a paper on Sanitary Science before the State Medical society, with which he became connected at its first regular meeting. In 1878 he left the city for the interior of the state, but returned in 1883 and resumed practice. His health was impaired, however, and he never again did much practice. He died August 29th, 1884. Dr. Blum seemed to prefer the study to the practice of medicine, and therefore never burdened himself with the latter. He enjoyed, however, the confidence of the community, and numbered among his patrons very many of the best German families of the city. Alfred Hughes was born in Wheeling, September 16, 1824. His ancestors were Irish Catholics, who settled in Virginia in 1732. His father served under Gen. Harrison in the war of 1812, and afterward filled many positions of trust in Wheeling, serving for thirty years as a member of the city council, and being succeeded by his oldest son. Dr. Hughes was the seventh child. After a collegiate course he studied medicine and graduated at the Homoeopathic Medical college of Philadelphia. After his marriage to Miss Adrian, he, in 1851, began the practice of homoeopathy in Wheeling. Two "new school" physicians had failed before him, but Dr. Hughes fought a successful battle, and won an excellent practice. It is claimed that he had unusual success in treating cholera during the epidemic of 1854. At the outbreak of the war his sympathies were enlisted in behalf of the south. He was arrested for disloyalty in 1861, and held as a prisoner at Camp Chase, Ohio, for eight months, when he was exchanged for a brother of Dr. Pancoast, of Philadelphia. He then went to Richmond and settled down in practice, in which he was successful. He was elected a member of the Virginia legislature, and so remained until the fall of Richmond. In December, 1865, he removed to Baltimore, where he soon established himself in a lucrative practice. Dr. Hughes was early in the war a correspondent of the 'Baltimore Exchange, and contributed occasional medical paper to the 'American Homoeopathic Observer.' He died in Baltimore, February 25, 1880, highly respected and esteemed by a large circle of friends. Sample Ford was born at West Alexander, Penn., in 1827. He was educated at the Academy of his native town, once a school of excellent reputation. He attended one term of lectures at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia and began practice in Wheeling in 1859, but a year later removed to Pennsylvania, where he practiced until the commencement of the war, in 1861, when he entered the service as assistant surgeon. After service in the field for some time, he was transferred to hospital duty at Claryville, Md., where he continued until the war ended. In September, 1865, he resumed practice in Wheeling, and there continued most of the time as a partner with Dr. R. W. Hazlett, until unfitted for work by illness, which terminated fatally September 20, 1887. Dr. Ford's usefulness was much impaired by very defective vision, but he was a careful and conscientious physician, kind and attentive to his patients, of whom he left many to mourn his loss. Joseph Thoburn was the son of Matthew and Jane Thoburn, and was born in 1825, in county Antrim, Ireland. In the fall of the same year his father emigrated to Canada, and settled the next year on a farm in Belmont county, near St. Clairsville, Ohio. Joseph's advantages for an education were very limited, being only such as might be acquired in the county log school-house of that neighborhood, but his desire for books and learning was early developed, and his industry fitted him at an early age to embark in the business of teaching school, to acquire the means of prosecuting more advanced and expensive studies. After teaching for several years, he entered the office of Dr. Ephraim Gaston, of Morristown, Ohio, as a medical student, and subsequently attended medical lectures, at Starling Medical college, Columbus, Ohio. In 1849 he located at Brownsville, Penn., where he formed a partnership, which was dissolved by his appointment, in 1850, as an assistant to Dr. Aul, of the Ohio Lunatic, asylum. Being displaced by political influence in 1853, he then moved to Wheeling, and continued his practice until May, 1861, when he was commissioned as surgeon of the First Virginia regiment, under Col. B. F. Kelley, in the three months' service. He accompanied his regiment, and was in the battle of Phillipi, attending Col. Kelley, who was wounded in that engagement. In August, 1861, under a reorganization of the First Virginia regiment, he was commissioned colonel, and led his regiment in the numerous battles fought in the valley of Virginia, until he was killed in the battle of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864, being in his fortieth year. Dr. Thoburn was greatly beloved by his brother officers and men, as a man full of kindness and benevolence, and of undoubted bravery and patriotism. As a physician, he possessed very clever attainments, with a high sense of professional honor. His body was brought to this city, and followed to Mt. Wood cemetery by a public procession, composed of our city officers, council, medical faculty, military escort, and a large concourse of citizens. Eliza Hughes, a sister of the late Dr. Alfred Hughes, was born in Wheeling, and received a thorough English and collegiate education. Her desire for the study of medicine was first awakened by the reading of the medical works in her brother's library. Although always most eager and earnest in the perusal of such matters, it was long before she entertained the idea of entering upon a regular course of professional study; and even after having formed the resolution it was with no definite intention of practicing. When the thought was first suggested to her mind, she did not give it expression. Knowing the prejudice widely entertained against women adopting such an occupation in life, she shrank from the remarks the decision would give rise to; but her purpose once acknowledged, her determination did not falter, notwithstanding the pressure of opposition. Having resolved to adopt the medical profession, she commenced the study of medicine in 1855. Attended a course of lectures at the Homoeopathic Medical college of Cleveland, Ohio, and later a second course at the Pennsylvania Medical college (Homoeopathic) at Philadelphia, where she graduated in 1860, after which she returned to Wheeling and established herself as a medical practitioner. She was the first female graduate of any medical school, and -the pioneer of her sex in the practice of medicine in the state of Virginia. Although devoted to her profession, in which an extended practice gave many duties, she nevertheless contributed much literary matter to the press, being known both as an authoress and poetess. She died in Wheeling, W. Va., in May, 1882, aged sixty- five years. R. F. Turner, born in 1836, in Fredericksburg, Va., was educated at Bethany college, W. Va., from which he graduated in 1856. He studied medicine at Homoeopathic college, Cleveland, Ohio, graduating in 1860. He began practice in Wheeling in 1861. There existed at this time, a great prejudice against homoeopathy, and being almost an entire stranger here, the prospect was not very bright, but in seven years' time, he had a practice equal to any in the city. He established homoeopathy more firmly in the confidence of the people of Wheeling than it had ever been before. Dr. Turner was thoroughly informed in the principles of medicine, and especially in chemistry was much superior to many of his fellow practitioners. He was quiet in manner, gentlemanly in his intercourse, and exceedingly kind to his patients, by whom he was much loved. He died April 8, 1881, leaving a widow, a daughter of Dr. W. J. Bates, and three children. Benjamin Valentine was born in the city of Metz, France, in 1808; educated at Mainz, Germany, and at the university of Leipsig. Emigrated to New York in 1833, remaining about one year. He then removed to Matagorda, Tex., where he practiced three years, after which he located at Newport, Ohio, practicing there thirty years. In 1864 he came to Wheeling, practicing until his death in 1869. Benjamin W. Allen was born in Preston county, Va., in 1824. After several years of preparatory study in the academy at Morgantown, he entered Washington college, Penn., from which he graduated in 1844. He then took a four years' course of study in the medical department of the university of Virginia, graduating in 1848. This was followed by a course of lectures at the Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. In 1852 he married Miss McCoy, of Warrenton, Va., and the same year was appointed demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Virginia, which position he filled with ability until the opening of the civil war, when he entered the confederate army as a surgeon, and rendered valuable service. In 1862 he lost his wife, a lady of great culture. After the war he located in Wheeling, where, in 1872, he was united in marriage to Miss Jeffers, a sister of Judge George Jeffers. Here he practiced medicine with a fair degree as a surgeon being especially recognized. In 1882, he was called to fill the chair of anatomy, physiology and hygiene in the state university, at Morgantown. For this position he was peculiarly well fitted by habits of thought and early studies and experience. His knowledge was accurate and comprehensive, his experience ripe, his skill well- proved. He was an expert microscopist, and his knowledge of anatomy was doubtless superior to that of any physician in the state. He found in the study of medicine even more than in its practice, his highest enjoyment. Dr. Allen was a victim of chronic rheumatism, contracted in the army, and from this he was an almost constant sufferer. He was a member, and in 1883, president of the State Medical society; also, at one time, a member of the Wheeling and Ohio County Medical society. To the 'Transactions' of the former he contributed a paper on the "Microscope in Medical Practice," and another on "Ovariotomy," detailing a successful case in his own practice. Dr. Allen died in Morgantown in 1887. Henry J. Wiesel was born in Baltimore, Md., in April, 1840. His academical education was received at the Allegheny County academy, and later the school of the Redemptorists, Cumberland, Md. In early life he evinced a remarkable talent for music, and from 1856 until 1861, he was a teacher of music, most of the time in St Mary's college, Cincinnati. He studied medicine with Drs. Healy and Smith of Cumberland, graduating at Bellevue Hospital Medical college, New York, in March, 1865. He was immediately appointed contract surgeon in the United States hospital at Clareysville, Md., where he remained until the war closed. He soon after located in Wheeling and continued in active practice until his death from rheumatic pericarditis, November 4, 1873. During Dr. Wiesel's residence in Wheeling, he established himself firmly in practice, and also in the hearts of his colleagues and friends. He was modest and unostentatious in demeanor, ever willing to yield to the judgment of more experienced men, upright in his professional intercourse, and gentle in manner to all with whom he came in contact. He was a member and once a vice president of the State Medical society, to the 'Transactions' of which he made three contributions: "New Surgical Appliances," "A New Stethoscope," and "Report of Cases of Trichinosis." He was also a member and secretary of the Medical society of Wheeling and Ohio county, and for one year city health officer. While faithfully performing the duties of his profession, the love for music that was developed early in life, led him to devote much attention to this art. He was organist at St. James' Cathedral and director of a musical organization composed of the best musical talent of the city, afterward called the Wiesel Musical institute. Had he lived, it was his intention to abandon medical practice and open a music store in St. Louis, which would have afforded him opportunity for the further development of the musical talent which he possessed. Dr. Wiesel, although not many years among us, established here a reputation the recollection of which is delightful to dwell upon. David Baguley was born of English parents, in 1822, in Wheeling. His opportunities to secure a liberal education were poor, but we find him at the age of sixteen a country school teacher. He later studied medicine with Drs. Yates and McCoy, and afterward with Dr. Cracraft at Triadelphia. In 1851 he graduated at the Philadelphia College of Medicine, and located in New Cumberland, but after three years removed to Wellsville, Ohio, where he did a large practice. Early in the war, he entered the Union army as surgeon of the First West Virginia infantry, and remained in the service for four years, being in turn promoted to brigade surgeon, surgeon-in-chief of the first division of the army of West Virginia, and medical director of the Ninth army corps. Dr. Baguley established in the army a repution as a daring and skillful operator, and was a great favorite with the soldiers. The writer, as examiner of pensions, still often hears the old soldiers speak in warmest terms of praise of their former surgeon. Failing health compelled Dr. Baguley's resignation, and he returned to Wellsville and rested for two years. In 1868 he located in Wheeling at the solicitation of his soldier friends, and soon built up a large practice, which continued until stricken down by diabetus millitus, which terminated his life in 1877. Dr. Baguley early in his professional career formed the habit of recording his important cases. This practice, notwithstanding his lack of early culture, made him a careful, painstaking and observing practitioner. He was highly esteemed by his patrons, and many still love to speak his praises. He was a member of both the state and local societies, and contributed several papers to the former's 'Transactions.' D. J. McGinnis came from Fairmont to Wheeling and entered upon the practice of medicine in 1868. He was also a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and occasionally filled the pulpits of the city churches on Sabbath. He was a warm hearted gentleman, with a fair knowledge of medicine, and gave promise of doing a good practice, but his health early gave way, and he died of consumption December 22, 1870. Joseph S. Elder was born in Pennsylvania in 1843, came to Wheeling as a drug clerk, and while so employed, studied medicine, graduating from Miami Medical college at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1871. He practiced here two years, when impaired health necessitated a change of climate. He went to Mason, Tex., and there died in. January, 1875. M. F. Hullihen, son of Dr. S. P. Hullihen, was born in Wheeling, December 28, 1835. He attended the old Lancasterian academy in this city, and in 1855, completed the curriculum in Georgetown (D. C.) college. He then studied dentistry, and in 1859, went to Europe, where he spent eighteen months, chiefly in Munich. On his return, he continued to practice dentistry, at odd times, giving some attention to the study of medicine. In 1870, he received the degree of M. D., from Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia, and joined the Medical society of Wheeling, and the State society. Of the latter, he was for several years secretary. For a short time he was assistant physician in the State Asylum for the Insane. Dr. Hullihen will be longer remembered for his social qualities than as a physician. Although gifted with a fine mind, his studies were more in the line of general literature than in that pertaining to his profession. His genial and sociable nature, and his powers as a conversationalist, made him a charming companion, and gathered around him a circle of warm friends, who sincerely mourned his very sudden death, that occurred May 11, 1884. J. B. Reed was born in Washington county, Penn., December 14, 1846. His boyhood was spent upon a farm and in Burnsville, Penn. In March, 1865, he enlisted in the Sixteenth Pennsylvania cavalry, reaching the front about ten days before the surrender of Petersburg. He spent the summer doing provost duty in Virginia, and was discharged with his regiment August 11th. After this he attended college at Waynesburg and Washington, leaving the latter before graduating. Beginning the study of medicine in 1868 with Dr. Wilson, of Washington, he spent one winter at Michigan university, graduating in 1872 at Western Reserve Medical college, Cleveland, Ohio. For one year he practiced in Cameron, W. Va., six years in West Alexander, Penn., coming to Wheeling in 1880 as a partner of Dr. J. H. Pipes. Here he was very soon successful, for he was of a genial, friendly disposition, quick to respond to the cause of the sick, day or night, and attentive to all his patients, however humble. The extent of his practice may be estimated, when it is known that in a single year he attended 125 obstetrical cases. It was Dr. Reed's self-sacrificing devotion to duty that was the indirect cause of his death. In July, 1887, he was for the second time since coming to Wheeling stricken down with typhoid fever, and after a very lingering illness died October 17th with symptoms of pyaemia. He left behind him his wife, a daughter of the late Dr. John Stone, of Greensborough, Penn., and five children. Dr. Reed was a Modest, consistent, Christian gentleman and a member of the Second Presbyterian church. He was a member of the State and City Medical societies, and of the board of education of the city. It can be truly said of Dr. Reed that he left no enemy behind him. MARSHALL COUNTY.- Zadoc Masters, physician and surgeon, practiced at Elizabethtown, now Moundsville, W. Va., from about 1805 to about 1845. During this time he was once elected sheriff of Ohio county, which then included the county of Marshall, after which time he removed to Paducah, Ky. He enjoyed the confidence and esteem of the community in which he lived. He experienced great hardships in his efforts to reach his patients, frequently riding forty to fifty miles on horseback, over hill and dale, by bridle paths, through woods, frequently swimming his horse across swollen streams, braving winter's blasts, and old Sol's scorching rays in his efforts to render aid to suffering humanity. His charges were moderate, and being a bad collector, be remained as he began, poor. His method of treating diseases was antiphlogistic - calomel was his sheet anchor. His lancet was kept sharp, and used for almost all ills and injuries. Thomas McCormic was of Irish birth; studied medicine and surgery with Dr. Williams, of Clarksburg, Harrison county (then Virginia). Practiced at Elizabethtown, now Moundsville, W. Va., from about 1820 to 1837. He was an accomplished physician, exceedingly popular, enjoyed a large practice and was very successful, sharing like Dr. Masters the hardships and difficulties attending the practice of medicine in that day. He loved his profession, was energetic, but finally succumbed to the opium and alcohol habit. He died about the year 1837, leaving very little property. George Stidger practiced in Marshall county during the years 1830 to 1850. His practice was extensive. He once swam his horse, he on its back, across the Ohio river opposite Moundsville, in order to attend an urgent case. He lived to a good old age, and died in Iowa, whither he had removed some years before. He, like his predecessors, accumulated no wealth. Daniel Peck came to Moundsville at a period whose date is unknown. He was a most excellent and accomplished physician, very popular, and endeared himself to his patrons by many acts of kindness. Old gray headed men still visit his grave, and reverentially strew it with flowers. He died about 1848. George Gaus, physician and surgeon, practiced at Moundsville from 1836 to 1863. At the outbreak of the rebellion he became a surgeon in the United States army, dying in the service. He was surgeon of a division at the time of his death. J. W. Ney was born near Columbiana, Columbiana Co., Ohio, October 8, 1817, and was educated in Salem, Ohio. Commenced reading medicine in Minerva, in 1835, where he remained one year and then removed to East Fairfield, same state, and completed his study with Sylvanus Fisher, after which time he attended Willoughby Institute one term. He subsequently practiced with his preceptor for four years. He emigrated to Moundsville in September, 1844. In 1840 he married Miss S. K. Wallahan, who died in 1843. Miss Mary J. Purdy became his second wife in 1846. She survived but two years, and in 1849 Dr. Ney married Mary J. McLean. He joined the State Medical society in 1867, the year of its organization. He was fairly successful as a physician, but accumulated little means. He died in 1888. S. B. Stidger was born December 1, 1830, in Springfield, Jefferson county, Ohio. He was educated in the common schools of that day. Read medicine in his father's office at Moundsville. In 1851 he located for practice at Jacob Burley's, near the present site of Cameron, where he remained one year. After the closing of the track of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad, in 1852, he removed to, and built the second house in, Cameron. On the 12th of September, 1864 he was married. In 1856 he migrated with his family to Iowa, where he practiced in partnership with his father for one year. In 1858, owing to the sickness of his wife, he concluded to return to Cameron, where he continued to have a large practice until the breaking out of the rebellion. At the commencement of the war he raised a company and was mustered into the service of the United States army in 1861. Was elected captain, but declined on account of inexperience in favor of Capt. James Donly, who had served in the Mexican war, and accepted the position of first lieutenant, serving three months, the time for which he enlisted. Most of this time he served in the medical department with detached forces. At the expiration of three months the regiment was re-organized, and Dr. Thoburn was promoted to colonel, and wrote to our subject requesting him to go out with him as surgeon of his regiment. He then went before the board for examination and passed, and received the position of assistant surgeon, serving until July, 1862, when he resigned on account of having been appointed administrator of his father's estate. He had charge of the post hospital at Cumberland, Md. He returned from the field to the regular routine of hospital duty. Since the war he has had a large practice in Cameron. In 1876-7 he attended his last course of lectures at Jefferson Medical college, Philadelphia. In 1868 he was elected to represent his county in the legislature. In 1867 Dr. Stidger joined the State Medical society, to whose 'Transactions' he made several contributions. He was an active man in the Methodist Episcopal church, and enjoyed the confidence and esteem of a large circle of friends. He died in 1883. Thomas F. Marshman was a physician of excellent character who practiced at Dallas for many years. He joined the State Medical society at its first regular meeting, which was held in Wheeling, October 2, 1867. J. M. Curtis was born in West Liberty, November 16, 1844. He was educated in the common schools and in West Liberty academy. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in the Twelfth West Virginia infantry. He was appointed third sergeant of Company D. In November, 1864, he was made second lieutenant of Company I, Twelfth regiment. In January, 1865, he was detached and assigned to duty as aide-de- camp, Second brigade, second division, Twenty-fourth army corps, which position he filled with distinction, and was awarded a medal by congress for meritorious conduct in the attack on Fort Gregg in front of Petersburg, Va. He left the service in June, 1865. Soon after this he began the study of medicine with Dr. Cooper, now of Wellsburg. He applied himself with great energy, and graduated at Miami Medical college of Cincinnati, in March, 1867, and was the class valedictorian. Soon after graduating he began practicing at Besler's (Beeler's?) Station, Marshall county, and there practiced very successfully until the fall of 1874, when he located at Moundsville. On June 17, 1875, after returning from the commencement exercises of Bethany college to his father's house at West Liberty, he very suddenly died from supposed heart disease. Dr. Curtis was a man of unusual natural ability, and but for his untimely taking off, he would, with application, have been eminently successful in the new field to which he had so recently gone.